HISTORIOGRAPHY 1610808865

 

1.  Discharged from command-rank of Captain and re-enlisted at rank of Private.
2. ^ Thomas, born January 1778, would have been 8 at the attack, May 1786. Older sources use six.^[7]
3. ^ Their land eventually became part of Spencer County, Indiana, when the county was established in 1818.^[15]
4. ^ Historians disagree on who initiated the move; Thomas Lincoln had no obvious reason to do so. One possibility is that other members of the family, including Dennis Hanks, may not have matched Thomas's stability and steady income.^[37]
5. ^ The Lincolns' last descendant, great-grandson Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith, died in 1985.^[52]
6. ^ Eric Foner contrasts the abolitionists and anti-slavery Radical Republicans of the Northeast, who saw slavery as a sin, with the conservative Republicans, who thought it was bad because it hurt white people and blocked progress. Foner argues that Lincoln was a moderate in the middle, opposing slavery primarily because it violated the republicanism principles of the Founding Fathers, especially the equality of all men and democratic self-government as expressed in the Declaration of Independence.^[113]
7. ^ While the name of the Supreme Court case is Dred Scott vs. Sandford, the respondent's surname was actually "Sanford". A clerk misspelled the name, and the court never corrected the error.^[114]
8. ^ Major Northern newspapers, however, demanded more—they expected victory within 90 days.^[191]
9. ^ At the moment of death some observers said his face seemed to relax into a smile.^{[288][289][290][291]}
10. ^ Witnesses have provided other versions of the quote, i.e. "He now belongs to the ages." and "He is a man for the ages."
11. ^ On claims that Lincoln was baptized by an associate of Alexander Campbell, see Martin, Jim (1996). "The secret baptism of Abraham Lincoln". Restoration Quarterly. 38 (2). Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved May 27, 2012.
12. ^ Lincoln wrote to Thurlow Weed on March 4, 1865, "I except [my Second Inaugural] to wear as well as--perhaps better than--any thing I have ever produced."
13. ^ While the book Rating The Presidents: A Ranking of U.S. Leaders, From the Great and Honorable to the Dishonest and Incompetent acknowledges that polls have rated Lincoln among the top presidents since 1948, the authors find him to be among the two best presidents, along with Franklin Delano Roosevelt.^[336

1. ^ Carpenter, Francis B. (1866). Six Months in the White House: The Story of a Picture. Hurd and Houghton. p. 217.
2. ^ "Lincoln | Definition of Lincoln by Merriam-Webster". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved May 5, 2020.
3. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 20–22.
4. ^ Warren 2017, p. 3–4.
5. ^ Warren 2017, p. 4.
6. ^ Jump up to:^a b Donald 1996, p. 21.
7. ^ Wilson, Douglas Lawson; Davis, Rodney O.; Wilson, Terry; Herndon, William Henry; Weik, Jesse William (1998). Herndon's Informants: Letters, Interviews, and Statements about Abraham Lincoln. University of Illinois Press. pp. 35–36. ISBN 978-0-252-02328-6.
8. ^ Bartelt 2008, p. 79.
9. ^ Warren 2017, p. 9.
10. ^ Warren 2017, p. 9–10.
11. ^ Sandburg 1926, p. 20.
12. ^ Warren 2017, p. 13.
13. ^ Warren 2017, p. 26.
14. ^ Warren 2017, p. 16, 43.
15. ^ Bartelt 2008, pp. 3, 5, 16.
16. ^ Sandburg 1926, p. 20; Donald 1996, pp. 23–24.
17. ^ Bartelt 2008, pp. 34, 156.
18. ^ Donald 1996, p. 22–24.
19. ^ Bartelt 2008, pp. 24, 104.
20. ^ Bartelt 2008, pp. 22–23, 77.
21. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 34, 116.
22. ^ Bartelt 2008, pp. 23, 83.
23. ^ Donald 1996, p. 26–27.
24. ^ White 2009, pp. 25, 31, 47.
25. ^ Bartelt 2008, p. 66.
26. ^ "Young Lincoln and the Ohio". Friends of the Lincoln Collection. Retrieved January 16,2021.
27. ^ "Lincoln Ferry". Indiana Historical Bureau. Retrieved January 16, 2021.
28. ^ Pratt, Harry E. (December 22, 2006). "Personal Finances of Abraham Lincoln".
29. ^ McGovern 2008, p. 18.
30. ^ Bartelt 2008, pp. 10, 33.
31. ^ Madison 2014, p. 110.
32. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 29–31, 38–43.
33. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 30–33.
34. ^ Warren 2017, p. 134–135.
35. ^ Donald 1996, p. 41.
36. ^ Jump up to:^a b Donald 1996, p. 36.
37. ^ Bartelt 2008, pp. 38–40.
38. ^ Bartelt 2008, p. 71.
39. ^ Oates 1974, pp. 15–17.
40. ^ Thomas 2008, pp. 23–53.
41. ^ Sandburg 1926, pp. 22–23; Donald 1996, p. 38.
42. ^ Gannett, Lewis (Winter 2005). ""Overwhelming Evidence" of a Lincoln-Ann Rutledge Romance?: Reexamining Rutledge Family Reminiscences". Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association. Springfield, IL: The Abraham Lincoln Association. pp. 28–41. Archived from the original on April 3, 2017.
43. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 55–58.
44. ^ Thomas 2008, pp. 56–57, 69–70.
45. ^ Donald 1996, p. 67.
46. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 80–86.
47. ^ Lamb & Swain 2008, p. 3.
48. ^ Sandburg 1926, pp. 46–51.
49. ^ Donald 1996, p. 93.
50. ^ Baker 1989, p. 142.
51. ^ White 2009, pp. 179–181, 476.
52. ^ Emerson, Jason (2012). Giant in the Shadows: The Life of Robert T. Lincoln. SIU Press. p. 420. ISBN 978-0-8093-3055-3. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
53. ^ White 2009, p. 126.
54. ^ Baker 1989, p. 120.
55. ^ Hertz, Emanuel (1938). The Hidden Lincoln. The Viking Press. p. 105.
56. ^ Shenk, Joshua Wolf (October 2005). "Lincoln's Great Depression". The Atlantic. The Atlantic Monthly Group. Archived from the original on October 9, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2009.
57. ^ Steers Jr. 2010, p. 341.
58. ^ Winkle 2001, pp. 72–79.
59. ^ Lincoln, Abraham (1832). "The Improvement of Sangamon River". In Miller, Marion Mills (ed.). Life and Works of Abraham Lincoln Volume 3. Wildside Press. ISBN 9781434424976.WP article
60. ^ Winkle 2001, pp. 86–95.
61. ^ Winkle 2001, pp. 114–116.
62. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 53–55.
63. ^ White 2009, p. 59.
64. ^ Simon 1990, p. 283.
65. ^ Weik, Jesse William. "Abraham Lincoln and Internal Improvements". Abraham Lincoln's Classroom. Archived from the original on February 12, 2015. Retrieved February 12,2015.
66. ^ Simon 1990, p. 130.
67. ^ Donald 1996, p. 134.
68. ^ Foner 2010, p. 17–19, 67.
69. ^ Donald 1996, p. 64.
70. ^ White 2009, pp. 71, 79, 108.
71. ^ Donald 1996, p. 17.
72. ^ Donald 1996, p. 222.
73. ^ Boritt & Pinsker 2002, pp. 137–153.
74. ^ Oates 1974, p. 79.
75. ^ "US Congressman Lincoln – Abraham Lincoln Historical Society". Abraham-lincoln-history.org. Archived from the original on December 15, 2018. Retrieved February 2,2019.
76. ^ Harris 2007, p. 54; Foner 2010, p. 57.
77. ^ Heidler & Heidler 2006, pp. 181–183.
78. ^ Holzer 2004, p. 63.
79. ^ Oates 1974, pp. 79–80.
80. ^ Graebner 1959, pp. 199–202.
81. ^ "Lincoln's Spot Resolutions". National Archives. Archived from the original on September 20, 2011. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
82. ^ Donald 1996, p. 128.
83. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 124–126.
84. ^ Donald 1996, p. 140.
85. ^ Arnold, Isaac Newton (1885). The Life of Abraham Lincoln. 2. Chicago, IL: Janses, McClurg, & Company. p. 81.
86. ^ Harris 2007, pp. 55–57.
87. ^ Donald 1996, p. 96.
88. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 105–106, 158.
89. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 142–143.
90. ^ McGinty, Brian (February 9, 2015). Lincoln's Greatest Case: The River, the Bridge, and the Making of America. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 9780871407856.
91. ^ "Abraham Lincoln's Patent Model: Improvement for Buoying Vessels Over Shoals". Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on August 25, 2017. Retrieved April 28,2017.
92. ^ Richards 2015, p. 440.
93. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 155–156, 196–197.
94. ^ Library, Philosophical (November 9, 2010). The Wisdom of Abraham Lincoln. Open Road Media. ISBN 978-1-4532-0281-4.
95. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Donald 1996, pp. 150–151.
96. ^ Harrison, J. Houston (1935). Settlers by the Long Grey Trail. J.K. Reubush. OCLC 3512772.
97. ^ "The Grisly Murder Trial That Raised Lincoln's Profile". History Channel. Retrieved March 26, 2020.
98. ^ White 2009, pp. 175–176.
99. ^ White 2009, pp. 182–185.
100. ^ White 2009, p. 188–190.
101. ^ Thomas 2008, pp. 148–152.
102. ^ Graebner 1959, p. 255.
103. ^ Jump up to:^a b White 2009, pp. 203–205.
104. ^ White 2009, pp. 215–216.
105. ^ McGovern 2009, pp. 38–39.
106. ^ White 2009, pp. 203–204.
107. ^ White 2009, pp. 191–194.
108. ^ Oates 1974, p. 119.
109. ^ White 2009, pp. 205–208.
110. ^ White 2009, pp. 216–221.
111. ^ White 2009, pp. 224–228.
112. ^ White 2009, pp. 229–230.
113. ^ Foner 2010, pp. 84–88.
114. ^ Vishneski, John (1988). "What the Court Decided in Dred Scott v. Sandford". The American Journal of Legal History. Temple University. 32 (4): 373–390. doi:10.2307/845743. JSTOR 845743.
115. ^ White 2009, pp. 236–238.
116. ^ Zarefsky 1993, pp. 69–110.
117. ^ Jaffa 2000, pp. 299–300.
118. ^ Jump up to:^a b White 2009, pp. 247–248.
119. ^ Oates 1974, pp. 138–139.
120. ^ White 2009, pp. 247–250.
121. ^ White 2009, p. 251.
122. ^ Harris 2007, p. 98.
123. ^ Donald 1996, p. 209.
124. ^ White 2009, pp. 257–258.
125. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 214–218.
126. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 214–224.
127. ^ Donald 1996, p. 223.
128. ^ Carwardine 2003, pp. 89–90.
129. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 242, 412.
130. ^ White 2009, pp. 291–293.
131. ^ White 2009, pp. 307–308.
132. ^ Jaffa 2000, p. 473.
133. ^ Holzer 2004, pp. 108–111.
134. ^ Carwardine 2003, p. 97; Holzer 2004, p. 157.
135. ^ Donald 1996, p. 240.
136. ^ Donald 1996, p. 241.
137. ^ Donald 1996, p. 244.
138. ^ Oates 1974, pp. 175–176.
139. ^ Donald 1996, p. 245.
140. ^ Lincoln, Abraham (December 20, 1859). "Herewith is a little sketch, as you requested". Letter to Jesse W. Fell. Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
141. ^ Martinez, J. Michael (2011). Coming for to Carry Me Home: Race in America from Abolitionism to Jim Crow. p. 59. ISBN 978-1-4422-1500-9.
142. ^ Luthin 1944, pp. 609–629.
143. ^ Hofstadter 1938, pp. 50–55.
144. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 247–250.
145. ^ Boritt & Pinsker 2002, pp. 10, 13, 18.
146. ^ Donald 1996, p. 253.
147. ^ Chadwick, Bruce (2009). Lincoln for President: An Unlikely Candidate, An Audacious Strategy, and the Victory No One Saw Coming. Naperville, Illinois: Sourcebooks. pp. 147–149. ISBN 978-1-4022-4756-9. Retrieved April 1, 2017.
148. ^ Murrin, John (2006). Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People. Belmont: Clark Baxter. p. 464. ISBN 9780495915881
149. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 254–256.
150. ^ Donald 1996, p. 254.
151. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 251-252.
152. ^ Mansch 2005, p. 61.
153. ^ Donald 1996, p. 256.
154. ^ White 2009, p. 350.
155. ^ Nevins 1947, p. 4:312.
156. ^ "Affairs of the Nation / The Change of Administration To-Day". The New York Times. March 4, 1861. p. 1.
157. ^ Edgar 1998, p. 350.
158. ^ Donald 1996, p. 267; Potter 1977.
159. ^ Donald 1996, p. 267.
160. ^ White 2009, p. 362.
161. ^ Potter 1977, pp. 520, 569–570.
162. ^ White 2009, p. 369.
163. ^ White 2009, pp. 360–361.
164. ^ Donald 1996, p. 268.
165. ^ Vorenberg 2001, p. 22; Vile 2003, pp. 280–281.
166. ^ Lupton 2006, p. 34.
167. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 273–277.
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169. ^ "Lincoln's Farewell Address – Illinois History & Lincoln Collections". Retrieved December 5, 2020.
170. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 277–279.
171. ^ Sandburg 2002, p. 212.
172. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 283–284.
173. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 268, 279.
174. ^ Nevins 1959, p. 5:29.
175. ^ Sherman 1990, pp. 185–186.
176. ^ Donald 1996, p. 293.
177. ^ Oates 1974, p. 226.
178. ^ Heidler, Heidler & Coles 2002, p. 174.
179. ^ Harris 2011, pp. 59–71.
180. ^ Neely Jr. 1992, pp. 3–31.
181. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 303–304; Carwardine 2003, pp. 163–164.
182. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 315–339, 417.
183. ^ Donald 1996, p. 314; Carwardine 2003, p. 178.
184. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 314–317.
185. ^ Carwardine 2003, p. 181.
186. ^ Boritt & Pinsker 2002, pp. 213–214.
187. ^ Donald 1996, p. 322.
188. ^ Randall, James Garfield (1946). Lincoln the President: Springfield to Gettysburg. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-306-80754-1. quoted in Peraino, Kevin (2013) Lincoln in the World: The Making of a Statesman and the Dawn of American Power. pp. 160–61. ISBN 978-0307887207
189. ^ Oates 1974, p. 115.
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203. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 389–390.
204. ^ Nevins 1947, pp. 433–444; Donald 1996, pp. 429–431.
205. ^ Nevins 1947, p. 322.
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216. ^ Donald 1996, p. 407.
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219. ^ Donald 1996, p. 431.
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221. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 453–460.
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223. ^ Bulla & Borchard 2010, p. 222.
224. ^ Thomas 2008, p. 315.
225. ^ Nevins 1947, pp. 4:6–17.
226. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 490–492.
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233. ^ Thomas 2008, p. 434.
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235. ^ Donald 1996, p. 589.
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260. ^ Jump up to:^a b Nichols 1974, p. 7.
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262. ^ Jump up to:^a b Bulla & Borchard 2010, p. 481.
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267. ^ Goodwin 2005, p. 319.
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273. ^ Jump up to:^a b Donald 1996, p. 424.
274. ^ Paludan 1994, p. 111.
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277. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Donald 1996, p. 471.
278. ^ Schaffer, Jeffrey P. (1999). Yosemite National Park: A Natural History Guide to Yosemite and Its Trails. Berkeley: Wilderness Press. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-89997-244-2.
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283. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 586–587.
284. ^ Harrison 2010, pp. 3–4.
285. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 594–597.
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287. ^ Steers Jr. 2010, p. 153.
288. ^ Fox, Richard (2015). Lincoln's Body: A Cultural History. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-24724-4.
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291. ^ Hay, John (1915). The Life and Letters of John Hay Volume 1. Houghton Mifflin Company. Archived from the original on August 9, 2016. Retrieved July 9, 2018. Quote's original source is Hay's diary which is quoted in "Abraham Lincoln: A History", Volume 10, Page 292 by John G. Nicolay and John Hay
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303. ^ Donald 1996, pp. 48–49, 514–515.
304. ^ Lincoln, Abraham (2001). Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. Volume 1.
305. ^ Jump up to:^a b Noll 1992.
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308. ^ Parrillo 2000, pp. 227–253.
309. ^ White 2009, p. 180.
310. ^ Brodrecht, Grant R. (2008). "Our Country": Northern Evangelicals and the Union During the Civil War and Reconstruction. University of Notre Dame.
311. ^ Wilson 1999, pp. 251–254.
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313. ^ "Letter by Abraham Lincoln to Albert Hodges". www.abrahamlincolnonline.org. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
314. ^ Wills, Garry (September 1, 1999). "Lincoln's Greatest Speech". The Atlantic. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
315. ^ Lincoln, Abraham (2001). Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. Volume 8.
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317. ^ Carwardine 2003, pp. 27–55.
318. ^ Guelzo 1999, p. 434.
319. ^ "What Can Lincoln's DNA Tell Us?". February 13, 2009. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
320. ^ Sotos, John G. (2008). The Physical Lincoln Sourcebook. Mt. Vernon Book Systems. ISBN 978-0-9818193-3-4. Full-text index [1] paragraphs 612-626.
321. ^ Mayell, Hillary (July 17, 2001). "Did Mercury in 'Little Blue Pills' Make Abraham Lincoln Erratic?". National Geographic News. Retrieved October 12, 2009.
322. ^ Jump up to:^a b Verghese, Abraham (May 20, 2009). "Was Lincoln Dying Before He Was Shot?". The Atlantic. Palo Alto, California: Emerson Collective. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved October 8, 2014.
323. ^ Thomas 2008, p. 61.
324. ^ Jaffa 2000, p. 399; Thomas 2008, p. 61.
325. ^ Diggins 1986, p. 307; Thomas 2008, p. 61.
326. ^ Foner 2010, p. 215; Thomas 2008, p. 61.
327. ^ Jaffa 2000, p. 263; Thomas 2008, p. 61.
328. ^ Burton, Orville Vernon (2008). The Age of Lincoln: A History. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 9781429939553.
329. ^ Boritt & Pinsker 2002, pp. 196–198, 229–231, 301.
330. ^ Harris 2007, p. 2.
331. ^ Randall 1962, p. 175.
332. ^ Belz 1998, p. 86.
333. ^ Burt, Andrew (May 13, 2013). "'These United States': How Obama's Vocal Tic Reveals a Polarized America". The Atlantic. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
334. ^ Douglass 2008, pp. 259–260.
335. ^ Lindgren, James (November 16, 2000). "Rating the Presidents of the United States, 1789–2000". The Federalist Society. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
336. ^ Densen, John V., ed. (2001). Reassessing The Presidency, The Rise of the Executive State and the Decline of Freedom. Auburn, Alabama: Ludwig von Mises Institute. pp. ix, 1–32. ISBN 978-0945466291.
337. ^ Newport, Frank (February 28, 2011). "Americans Say Reagan Is the Greatest U.S. President". Gallup.com. Archived from the original on March 14, 2012. Retrieved February 13, 2019.
338. ^ Taranto & Leo 2004, p. 264.
339. ^ Chesebrough 1994, pp. 76, 79, 106, 110.
340. ^ Fornieri, Joseph R.; Gabbard, Sara Vaughn (2008). Lincoln's America: 1809–1865. Carbondale, Illinois: SIU Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-0809387137.
341. ^ Randall 1962, pp. 65–87.
342. ^ Schwartz 2000, p. 109.
343. ^ Boritt & Pinsker 2002, p. 222.
344. ^ Jump up to:^a b Schwartz 2008, pp. 23, 91–98.
345. ^ Schwartz 2008, pp. xi, 9, 24.
346. ^ Schwartz 2008, pp. xi, 9.
347. ^ Zilversmit, Arthur (1980). "Lincoln and the Problem of Race: A Decade of Interpretations". Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association. Springfield, Illinois: Abraham Lincoln Association. 2 (1): 22–24. Archived from the original on October 25, 2015. Retrieved December 2, 2018.
348. ^ Barr, John M. (Winter 2014). "Holding Up a Flawed Mirror to the American Soul: Abraham Lincoln in the Writings of Lerone Bennett Jr". Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association. Springfield, Illinois: Abraham Lincoln Association. 35 (1): 43–65.
349. ^ Bennett Jr. 1968, pp. 35–42.
350. ^ Dirck 2008, p. 31.
351. ^ Striner 2006, pp. 2–4.
352. ^ Cashin 2002, p. 61; Kelley & Lewis 2005, p. 228.
353. ^ Havers, Grant N. (November 13, 2009). Lincoln and the Politics of Christian Love. University of Missouri Press. p. 96. ISBN 9780826218575.
354. ^ Belz 2014, pp. 514–518; Graebner 1959, pp. 67–94; Smith 2010, pp. 43–45.
355. ^ Carwardine, Richard; Sexton, Jay, eds. (2011). The Global Lincoln. Oxford, England: Oxford UP. pp. 7, 9–10, 54. ISBN 9780195379112.
356. ^ Schwartz 2008, p. 146.
357. ^ Donald 1996, p. 15.
358. ^ Hirschkorn, Phil (January 17, 2009). "The Obama-Lincoln Parallel: A Closer Look". CBS News. New York City: CBS Corporation. Archived from the original on August 22, 2016. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
359. ^ Jackson, David (January 10, 2013). "Obama to be sworn in with Lincoln, King Bibles". USA Today. Mclean, Virginia. Archived from the original on March 24, 2015. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
360. ^ Hornick, Ed (January 18, 2009). "For Obama, Lincoln was model president". CNN. Atlanta, Georgia: Turner Broadcasting Systems. Archived from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved August 5, 2018.
361. ^ Spielberg, Steven; Kushner, Tony; Kearns Goodwin, Doris (2012). "Mr. Lincoln Goes to Hollywood". Smithsonian. Vol. 43 no. 7. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. pp. 46–53.
362. ^ Stokes, Melvyn (2011). "Abraham Lincoln and the Movies". American Nineteenth Century History. 12 (2): 203–231. doi:10.1080/14664658.2011.594651. S2CID 146375501.
363. ^ Houseman, Donna; Kloetzel, James E.; Snee, Chad (October 2018). Scott Specialized Catalogue of United States Stamps & Covers 2019. Amos Media Company. ISBN 9780894875595.
364. ^ Jr, Joseph D. Collea (September 20, 2018). New York and the Lincoln Specials: The President's Pre-Inaugural and Funeral Trains Cross the Empire State. McFarland. pp. 13–14. ISBN 978-1-4766-3324-4.
365. ^ Dennis 2018, p. 194.
366. ^ Dennis 2018, p. 197.
367. ^ "History of USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN 72)". United States Department of the Navy. Retrieved February 13, 2020.
368. ^ Pearson, Michael (February 16, 2016). "$18.5 million gift to help refurbish Lincoln Memorial". CNN. Retrieved February 13, 2020.
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370. ^ "The Petersen House – Ford's Theatre". U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved February 13, 2020.
371. ^ "Abraham Lincoln Historical Tours in Springfield, Illinois". lincolnlibraryandmuseum.com. Retrieved February 13, 2020.
372. ^ "Mount Rushmore National Memorial". U.S. National Park Service. Archived from the original on October 1, 2011. Retrieved November 13, 2010

See also: Bibliography of Abraham Lincoln

• Ambrose, Stephen E. (1996). Halleck: Lincoln's Chief of Staff. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: LSU Press. ISBN 9780807155394.
• Baker, Jean H. (1989). Mary Todd Lincoln: A Biography. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 9780393305869.
• Bartelt, William E. (2008). There I Grew Up: Remembering Abraham Lincoln's Indiana Youth. Indianapolis, Indiana: Indiana Historical Society Press. ISBN 9780871952639.
• Belz, Herman (1998). Abraham Lincoln, constitutionalism, and equal rights in the Civil War era. New York, New York: Fordham University Press. ISBN 9780823217687.
• Belz, Herman (2014). "Lincoln, Abraham". In Frohnen, Bruce; Beer, Jeremy; Nelson, Jeffrey O (eds.). American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia. Open Road Media. ISBN 9781932236439.
• Bennett Jr., Lerone (1968). "Was Abe Lincoln a White Supremacist?". Ebony. Vol. 23 no. 4. ISSN 0012-9011.
• Blue, Frederick J. (1987). Salmon P. Chase: A Life in Politics. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press. ISBN 9780873383400.
• Boritt, Gabor S. (1994). Lincoln and the Economics of the American Dream. Champaign, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252064456.
• Boritt, Gabor S.; Pinsker, Matthew (2002). "Abraham Lincoln". In Graff, Henry (ed.). The Presidents: A reference History (7th ed.). ISBN 9780684805511.
• Bulla, David W.; Borchard, Gregory A. (2010). Journalism in the Civil War Era. New York, New York: Peter Lang. ISBN 9781433107221.
• Burlingame, Michael (2008). Abraham Lincoln: A Life. 2. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 9781421410678.
• Carwardine, Richard J. (1997). "Lincoln, Evangelical Religion, and American Political Culture in the Era of the Civil War". Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association. 18 (1): 27–55. hdl:2027/spo.2629860.0018.104. JSTOR 20148948.
• Carwardine, Richard J. (2003). Lincoln. London, England: Pearson Longman. ISBN 9780582032798.
• Cashin, Joan E. (2002). The War was You and Me: Civilians in the American Civil War. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691091747.
• Chesebrough, David B. (1994). No Sorrow Like Our Sorrow: Northern Protestant Ministers and the Assassination of Lincoln. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press. ISBN 9780873384919.
• Cox, Hank H. (2005). Lincoln and the Sioux Uprising of 1862. Nashville, Tennessee: Cumberland House. ISBN 9781581824575.
• Dennis, Matthew (2018). Red, White, and Blue Letter Days: An American Calendar. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press. ISBN 9781501723704.
• Diggins, John P. (1986). The Lost Soul of American Politics: Virtue, Self-Interest, and the Foundations of Liberalism. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226148779.
• Dirck, Brian R. (2008). Lincoln the Lawyer. Champaign, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252076145.
• Donald, David Herbert (1996). Lincoln. New York, New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9780684825359.
• Donald, David Herbert (2016). Lincoln Reconsidered: Essays on the Civil War Era. New York, New York: Open Road Media. ISBN 9781504034029.
• Douglass, Frederick (2008). The Life and Times of Frederick Douglass. New York, New York: Cosimo Classics. ISBN 9781605203997.
• Edgar, Walter B. (1998). South Carolina: A History. Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 9781570032554.
• Fish, Carl Russell (1902). "Lincoln and the Patronage". The American Historical Review. 8 (1): 53–69. doi:10.2307/1832574. JSTOR 1832574.
• Foner, Eric (2010). "The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery". The SHAFR Guide Online. doi:10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim040100206.
• Goodrich, Th (2005). The Darkest Dawn: Lincoln, Booth, and the Great American Tragedy. Indianapolis, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253345677.
• Goodwin, Doris Kearns (2005). Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln. New York, New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9780684824901.
• Graebner, Norman (1959). "Abraham Lincoln: Conservative Statesman". In Basler, Roy Prentice (ed.). The enduring Lincoln: Lincoln sesquicentennial lectures at the University of Illinois. Champaign, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. OCLC 428674.
• Grimsley, Mark; Simpson, Brooks D. (2001). The Collapse of the Confederacy. Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 9780803221703.
• Guelzo, Allen C. (1999). Abraham Lincoln: Redeemer President. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm.B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 9780802838728.
• Guelzo, Allen C. (2004). Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America. New York, New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9780743221825.
• Harrison, Lowell (2010). Lincoln of Kentucky. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 9780813129402.
• Harris, William C. (2007). Lincoln's Rise to the Presidency. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 9780700615209.
• Harris, William C. (2011). Lincoln and the Border States: Preserving the Union. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
• Heidler, David Stephen; Heidler, Jeanne T.; Coles, David J., eds. (2002). Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History. New York, New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 9780393047585.
• Heidler, David Stephen; Heidler, Jeanne T. (2006). The Mexican War. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313327926.
• History.com, Editors. "House passes the 13th Amendment". History.com. Archived from the original on November 10, 2012. Retrieved May 4, 2020.
• Hodes, Martha (2015). Mourning Lincoln. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300213560.
• Hofstadter, Richard (1938). "The Tariff Issue on the Eve of the Civil War". The American Historical Review. 44 (1): 50–55. doi:10.2307/1840850. JSTOR 1840850.
• Holzer, Harold (2004). Lincoln at Cooper Union: The Speech That Made Abraham Lincoln President. New York, New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780743299640.
• Jaffa, Harry V. (2000). A New Birth of Freedom: Abraham Lincoln and the Coming of the Civil War. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780847699520.
• Kelley, Robin D. G.; Lewis, Earl (2005). To Make Our World Anew: Volume I: A History of African Americans to 1880. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198040064.
• Lamb, Brian P.; Swain, Susan, eds. (2008). Abraham Lincoln: Great American Historians on Our Sixteenth President. New York, New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 9781586486761.
• Lincoln, Abraham (2008). The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. Rockville, Maryland: Wildside Press LLC. ISBN 9781434477071.
• Lupton, John A. (2006). "Abraham Lincoln and the Corwin Amendment". Illinois Heritage. 9(5): 34. Archived from the original on August 24, 2016.
• Luthin, Reinhard H. (1944). "Abraham Lincoln and the Tariff". The American Historical Review. 49 (4): 609–629. doi:10.2307/1850218. JSTOR 1850218.
• Madison, James H. (2014). Hoosiers: A New History of Indiana. Indianapolis, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253013088.
• Mansch, Larry D. (2005). Abraham Lincoln, President-elect: The Four Critical Months from Election to Inauguration. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. ISBN 9780786420261.
• Martin, Paul (April 8, 2010). "Lincoln's Missing Bodyguard". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
• McGovern, George S. (2008). Abraham Lincoln: The American Presidents Series: The 16th President, 1861–1865. New York, New York: Macmillan. ISBN 9781429950886.
• McGovern, George S. (2009). Abraham Lincoln: The American Presidents Series: The 16th President, 1861–1865. New York, New York: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 9780805083453.
• McPherson, James M. (1992). Abraham Lincoln and the Second American Revolution. New York, New York: Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 9780195076066.
• McPherson, James M. (2005). Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. New York, New York: Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 9780195168952.
• McPherson, James M. (2009). Abraham Lincoln. New York, New York: Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 9780195374520.
• Neely Jr., Mark E. (1992). The Fate of Liberty: Abraham Lincoln and Civil Liberties. New York, New York: Oxford University Press, USA. Archived from the original on October 29, 2014.
• Neely Jr., Mark E. (2004). "Was the Civil War a Total War?". Civil War History. 50 (4): 434–458. doi:10.1353/cwh.2004.0073.
• Nevins, Allan (1950). The Emergence of Lincoln: Prologue to Civil War, 1859-1861. New York, New York: Scribner. ISBN 9780684104164.
• Nevins, Allan (1959). The War for the Union. New York, New York: Scribner. ISBN 9780684104164.
• Nevins, Allan (1947). The War for the Union and Ordeal of the Union, and the Emergence of Lincoln. New York, New York: Scribner.
• Nichols, David A. (1974). "The Other Civil War Lincoln and the Indians" (PDF). Minnesota History.
• Noll, Mark A. (1992). A History of Christianity in the United States and Canada. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802806512.
• Noll, Mark A. (2002). America's God: From Jonathan Edwards to Abraham Lincoln. New York, New York: Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 9780195151114.
• Oates, Stephen B. (1974). "Abraham Lincoln 1861–1865". In Woodward, Comer Vann (ed.). Responses of the Presidents to Charges of Misconduct. New York, New York: Dell Publishing. ISBN 9780440059233.
• Oates, Stephen B. (2009). With Malice Toward None: The Life of Abraham Lincoln. New York, New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780061952241.
• Paludan, Phillip Shaw (1994). The Presidency of Abraham Lincoln. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 9780700606719.
• Parrillo, Nicholas (2000). "Lincoln's Calvinist Transformation: Emancipation and War". Civil War History. 46 (3): 227–253. doi:10.1353/cwh.2000.0073. ISSN 1533-6271.
• Potter, David M. (1977). The Impending Crisis: America Before the Civil War, 1848-1861. New York, New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780061319297.
• Randall, James Garfield (1962). Lincoln: The Liberal Statesman. New York, New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. ASIN B0051VUQXO.
• Randall, James Garfield; Current, Richard Nelson (1955). Lincoln the President: Last Full Measure. Lincoln the President. IV. New York, New York: Dodd, Mead & Co. OCLC 950556947.
• Richards, John T. (2015). Abraham Lincoln: The Lawyer-Statesman (Classic Reprint). London, England: Fb&c Limited. ISBN 9781331281580.
• Sandburg, Carl (1926). Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years. San Diego, California: Harcourt. OCLC 6579822.
• Sandburg, Carl (2002). Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years and the War Years. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 9780156027526.
• Schwartz, Barry (2000). Abraham Lincoln and the Forge of National Memory. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226741970.
• Schwartz, Barry (2008). Abraham Lincoln in the Post-Heroic Era: History and Memory in Late Twentieth-Century America. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226741888.
• Sherman, William T. (1990). Memoirs of General W.T. Sherman. Charleston, South Carolina: BiblioBazaar. ISBN 9781174631726.
• Simon, Paul (1990). Lincoln's Preparation for Greatness: The Legislative Years. Champaign, Illinois: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252002038.
• Smith, Robert C. (2010). Conservatism and Racism, and Why in America They Are the Same. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 9781438432335.
• Steers Jr., Edward (2010). The Lincoln Assassination Encyclopedia. New York, New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780061787751.
• Striner, Richard (2006). Father Abraham: Lincoln's relentless struggle to end slavery. England, London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195183061.
• Taranto, James; Leo, Leonard, eds. (2004). Presidential Leadership: Rating the Best and the Worst in the White House. New York, New York: Free Press. ISBN 9780743254335.
• Tegeder, Vincent G. (1948). "Lincoln and the Territorial Patronage: The Ascendancy of the Radicals in the West". The Mississippi Valley Historical Review. 35 (1): 77–90. doi:10.2307/1895140. JSTOR 1895140.
• Thomas, Benjamin P. (2008). Abraham Lincoln: A Biography. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 9780809328871.
• Trostel, Scott D. (2002). The Lincoln Funeral Train: The Final Journey and National Funeral for Abraham Lincoln. Fletcher, Ohio: Cam-Tech Publishing. ISBN 9780925436214. Archived from the original on 2013.
• Vile, John R. (2003). "Lincoln, Abraham (1809–1865)". Encyclopedia of Constitutional Amendments: Proposed Amendments, and Amending Issues 1789–2002 (2nd ed.). ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781851094288.
• Vorenberg, Michael (2001). Final Freedom: The Civil War, the Abolition of Slavery, and the Thirteenth Amendment. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521652674.
• Warren, Louis A. (2017). Lincoln's Youth: Indiana Years, Seven to Twenty-One, 1816-1830 (Classic Reprint). London, England: Fb&c Limited. ISBN 9780282908300.
• White, Ronald C. (2009). A. Lincoln: A Biography. New York, New York: Random House. ISBN 9781588367754.
• Wills, Garry (2012). Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words that Remade America. New York, New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781439126455.
• Wilson, Douglas L. (1999). Honor's Voice: The Transformation of Abraham Lincoln. New York, New York: Random House Digital, Inc. ISBN 9780307765819.
• Winkle, Kenneth J. (2001). The Young Eagle: The Rise of Abraham Lincoln. Lanham, Maryland: Taylor Trade Publishing. ISBN 9781461734369.
• Zarefsky, David (1993). Lincoln, Douglas, and Slavery: In the Crucible of Public Debate. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226978765.