HISTORIOGRAPHY 1610825740
1. ^ "Mahabharata". Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary,
2.
^ "Mahabharata". Oxford Dictionaries Online.
3.
^ Datta, Amaresh (1 January 2006). The
Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature (Volume Two) (Devraj to Jyoti). ISBN 978-81-260-1194-0.
4.
^ Austin,
Christopher R. (2019). Pradyumna:
Lover, Magician, and Son of the Avatara. Oxford University Press.
p. 21. ISBN 978-0-19-005411-3.
5.
^ Jump up to:a b c d Brockington
(1998, p. 26)
6.
^ Pattanaik,
Devdutt. "How did
the 'Ramayana' and 'Mahabharata' come to be (and what has 'dharma' got to do
with it)?". Scroll.in.
7.
^ Van
Buitenen; The Mahabharata – 1; The Book of the Beginning.
Introduction (Authorship and Date)
8.
^ James G. Lochtefeld (2002). The Illustrated
Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M. The Rosen Publishing Group.
p. 399. ISBN 978-0-8239-3179-8.
9.
^ T. R. S. Sharma; June Gaur; Sahitya Akademi (New Delhi,
Inde). (2000). Ancient Indian
Literature: An Anthology. Sahitya Akademi. p. 137. ISBN 978-81-260-0794-3.
10.
^ Spodek, Howard.
Richard Mason. The World's History. Pearson Education: 2006, New Jersey. 224,
0-13-177318-6
11.
^ Amartya
Sen, The Argumentative Indian. Writings on Indian Culture, History and
Identity, London: Penguin Books, 2005.
12.
^ W.
J. Johnson (1998). The
Sauptikaparvan of the Mahabharata: The Massacre at Night. Oxford University Press. p. ix. ISBN 978-0-19-282361-8.
13.
^ Mahābhārata,
Vol. 1, Part 2. Critical edition, p. 884.
14.
^ Davis,
Richard H. (2014). The
"Bhagavad Gita": A Biography. Princeton University Press.
p. 38. ISBN 978-1-4008-5197-3.
15.
^ Krishnan,
Bal (1978). Kurukshetra:
Political and Cultural History. B.R. Publishing Corporation.
p. 50. ISBN 9788170180333.
16.
^ Hermann
Oldenberg, Das Mahabharata: seine Entstehung, sein Inhalt, seine Form,
Göttingen, 1922,[page needed]
17.
^ "The
Mahabharata" at The Sampradaya Sun
18.
^ A History of
Indian Literature, Volume 1 by Maurice Winternitz
19.
^ Jump up to:a b c d Buitenen
(1973) pp. xxiv–xxv
20.
^ Sharma,
Ruchika. "The
Mahabharata: How an oral narrative of the bards became a text of the
Brahmins". Scroll.in.
21.
^ Sukthankar
(1933) "Prolegomena" p. lxxxvi. Emphasis is original.
22.
^ Gupta
& Ramachandran (1976), citing Mahabharata, Critical Edition, I,
56, 33
23.
^ SP
Gupta and KS Ramachandran (1976), p.3-4, citing Vaidya (1967), p.11
24.
^ Brockington,
J. L. (1998). The Sanskrit
epics, Part 2. Volume 12. BRILL. p. 21. ISBN 978-90-04-10260-6.
25.
^ 18
books, 18 chapters of the Bhagavadgita and the Narayaniya
each, corresponding to the 18 days of the battle and the 18 armies (Mbh.
5.152.23)
26.
^ The
Spitzer Manuscript (Beitrage zur Kultur- und Geistesgeschichte Asiens),
Austrian Academy of Sciences, 2004. It is one of the oldest Sanskrit
manuscripts found on the Silk Road and part of the estate of Dr. Moritz Spitzer.
27.
^ Schlingloff,
Dieter (1969). "The Oldest Extant Parvan-List of the
Mahābhārata". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 89 (2):
334–338. doi:10.2307/596517. JSTOR 596517.
28.
^ "Vyasa, can
you hear us now?". The Indian Express. 21 November 2015.
Retrieved 7 June 2020.
29.
^ J.A.B.
van Buitenen, Mahābhārata, Volume 1, p.445, citing W. Caland, The
Pañcaviṃśa Brāhmaṇa, p.640-2
30.
^ Moriz Winternitz (1996). A History of
Indian Literature, Volume 1. Motilal Banarsidass.
pp. 291–292. ISBN 978-81-208-0264-3.
31.
^ Jean Philippe Vogel (1995). Indian
Serpent-lore: Or, The Nāgas in Hindu Legend and Art. Asian Educational
Services. pp. 53–54. ISBN 978-81-206-1071-2.
32.
^ Dio
Chrysostom, 53.6-7,
trans. H. Lamar Crosby, Loeb Classical Library, 1946, vol. 4, p. 363.
33.
^ Christian Lassen,
in his Indische Alterthumskunde, supposed that the reference is
ultimate to Dhritarashtra's sorrows, the laments of Gandhari and Draupadi, and
the valor of Arjuna and Suyodhana or Karna (cited approvingly in Max Duncker, The History of
Antiquity (trans. Evelyn Abbott,
London 1880), vol. 4, p. 81).
This interpretation is endorsed in such standard references as Albrecht Weber's History
of Indian Literature but has sometimes been repeated as fact instead
of as interpretation.
34.
^ Jump up to:a b Ghadyalpatil,
Abhiram (10 October 2016). "Maharashtra
builds up a case for providing quotas to Marathas". Livemint.
Retrieved 7 June 2020.
35.
^ "The Mahabharata, Book 6:
Bhishma Parva: Bhagavat-Gita Parva: Section XXV (Bhagavad Gita Chapter
I)". Sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
36.
^ "The Mahabharata, Book 6:
Bhishma Parva: Bhagavat-Gita Parva: Section XLII (Bhagavad Gita, Chapter
XVIII)". Sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
37.
^ The Ashvamedhika-parva is
also preserved in a separate version, the Jaimini-Bharata(Jaiminiya-Ashvamedha)
where the frame dialogue is replaced, the narration being attributed to Jaimini,
another disciple of Vyasa. This version contains far more devotional material
(related to Krishna) than the standard epic and probably dates to the 12th
century. It has some regional versions, the most popular being the Kannada one
by Devapurada Annama Lakshmisha (16th century).The Mahabharata[citation needed]
38.
^ In
discussing the dating question, historian A. L. Basham says: "According to
the most popular later tradition the Mahabharata War took place in 3102
BCE, which in the light of all evidence, is quite impossible. More reasonable
is another tradition, placing it in the 15th century BCE, but this is also
several centuries too early in the light of our archaeological knowledge.
Probably the war took place around the beginning of the 9th century BCE; such a
date seems to fit well with the scanty archaeological remains of the period,
and there is some evidence in the Brahmana literature itself to show that it
cannot have been much earlier." Basham, p. 40, citing HC
Raychaudhuri, Political History of Ancient India, pp.27ff.
39.
^ M
Witzel, Early Sanskritization: Origin and Development of the Kuru state,
EJVS vol.1 no.4 (1995); also in B. Kölver (ed.), Recht, Staat und
Verwaltung im klassischen Indien. The state, the Law, and Administration in
Classical India, München, R. Oldenbourg, 1997, p.27-52
40.
^ A.D.
Pusalker, History and Culture of the Indian People, Vol I, Chapter
XIV, p.273
41.
^ FE
Pargiter, Ancient Indian Historical Tradition, p.180. He shows
estimates of the average as 47, 50, 31, and 35 for various versions of the
lists.
42.
^ Pargiter, op.cit. p.180-182
43.
^ B.
B. Lal, Mahabharata and Archaeology in Gupta and Ramachandran
(1976), p.57-58
44.
^ Keay, John (2000). India: A History. New York
City: Grove Press. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-8021-3797-5.
45.
^ Gupta
and Ramachandran (1976), p.246, who summarize as follows: "Astronomical
calculations favor 15th century BCE as the date of the war while the Puranic
data place it in the 10th/9th century BCE. Archaeological evidence points
towards the latter." (p.254)
46.
^ "Lord
Krishna lived for 125 years | India News - Times of India". The
Times of India.
47.
^ "5151 years
of Gita". 19 January 2014.
48.
^ Gupta
and Ramachandran (1976), p.55; AD Pusalker, HCIP, Vol I, p.272
49.
^ AD
Pusalker, op.cit. p.272
50.
^ "Sanskrit, Tamil and Pahlavi
Dictionaries" (in German). Webapps.uni-koeln.de. 11
February 2003.
51.
^ "Book 1: Adi Parva: Jatugriha
Parva". Sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
52.
^ VISHNU S. SUKTHANKAR (11 March 2018). "THE
MAHABHARATHA". BHANDARKAR ORIENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, POONA –
via Internet Archive.
53.
^ "The
Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute : Mahabharata Project". bori.ac.in.
54.
^ M. A. Mehendale (1 January 2001). "Interpolations
in the Mahabharata" – via Internet Archive.
55.
^ "Book 2: Sabha Parva: Sabhakriya
Parva". Sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 1 September2010.
56.
^ "Sabha
parva". Sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
57.
^ Rajagopalachari, Chakravarti (2005). "Yudhishthira's final
trial". Mahabharata (45th ed.). Mumbai:
Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. ISBN 978-81-7276-368-8.
58.
^ Robinson, P.F. (2003). Just War in
Comparative Perspective. Ashgate. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-7546-3587-1.
Retrieved 2 October 2015.
59.
^ Bhandarkar
Institute, Pune Archived 19
October 2018 at the Wayback Machine—Virtual Pune
60.
^ Srinivas,
Smriti (2004) [2001]. Landscapes of Urban Memory. Orient Longman.
p. 23. ISBN 978-81-250-2254-1. OCLC 46353272.
61.
^ "The
Javanization of the Mahābhārata, Chapter 15. Indic Transformation: The
Sanskritization of Jawa and the Javanization of the Bharata".
62.
^ "Indonesian
Ramayana: The Uttarakanda by Dr. I Gusti Putu Phalgunadi: Sundeep Prakashan,
New Delhi 9788175740532 Hardcover, First edition". abebooks.com.
Retrieved 27 November 2018.
63.
^ "picture
details". Plant Cultures. Archived from the original on
13 November 2007. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
64.
^ Gaṅgā
Rām, Garg (1992). Encyclopaedia of
the Hindu world, Volume 1. p. 129. ISBN 978-81-7022-376-4.
65.
^ Several
editions of the Kisari Mohan Ganguli translation of
the Mahabharata incorrectly cite the publisher, Pratap Chandra
Roy, as the translator and this error has been propagated into secondary
citations. See the publisher's preface to the current Munshiram Manoharlal
edition for an explanation.
66.
^ The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana
Vyasa translated by Kisari Mohan Ganguli at the Internet Sacred Text Archive
67.
^ P. Lal. "Kisari
Mohan Ganguli and Pratap Chandra Roy". An Annotated
Mahabharata Bibliography. Calcutta.
68.
^ The Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana
Vyasa translated by Romesh Chunder Dutt at the Online Library
of Liberty.
69.
^ Fitzgerald,
James (2009). "Reading
Suggestions for Getting Started". Brown.
70.
^ Don
Rubin (1998). The World
Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre: Asia. Taylor & Francis.
p. 195. ISBN 978-0-415-05933-6.
71.
^ The Mahabharata as Theatre Archived 14
January 2010 at the Wayback Machine by Pradip Bhattacharya, 13
June 2004.
72.
^ Topiwala, Chandrakant (1990). "Bahuk". Gujarati
Sahityakosh (Encyclopedia of Gujarati Literature) (in Gujarati). 2.
Ahmedabad: Gujarati Sahitya Parishad. p. 394.
73.
^ Pai, Anant (1998). Pai, Anant (ed.). Amar Chitra
Katha Mahabharata. Kadam, Dilip (illus.). Mumbai: Amar Chitra Katha.
p. 1200. ISBN 978-81-905990-4-7.
74.
^ "What makes
Shyam special". Hinduonnet.com. 17 January 2003. Archived
from the original on
12 January 2011.
75.
^ Kumar, Anuj (27 May 2010). "Fact of
the matter". The Hindu.
76.
^ "Mahabharat:
Theatrical Trailer (Animated Film)". 19 November 2013.
77.
^ Mahabharat on IMDb (1988–1990 TV
series)
78.
^ The Mahabharata on IMDb (1989
mini-series).
79.
^ "In brief:
Mahabharat will be most expensive Indian movie ever". 24
February 2003 – via www.theguardian.com.
80.
^ C.
J. Wallia (1996). "IndiaStar
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81.
^ Sax,
William Sturman (2002). Dancing the Self: Personhood and Performance in
the Pāṇḍava Līlā of Garhwal. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195139150.
82.
^ Jaini,
Padmanabh (2000). Collected Papers on Jaina Studies. Delhi: Motilal
Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-1691-6. p.
351-52
83.
^ Shah,
Natubhai (1998). Jainism: The World of Conquerors. Volume I and II.
Sussex: Sussex Academy Press. ISBN 978-1-898723-30-1. vol
1 pp. 14–15
84.
^ Jaini,
Padmanabh (2000). Collected Papers on Jaina Studies. Delhi: Motilal
Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-1691-6. p.
377
85.
^ Jump up to:a b Jaini,
Padmanabh (1998). The Jaina Path of Purification. New Delhi: Motilal
Banarsidass. ISBN 978-81-208-1578-0. p.305
86.
^ Jaini,
Padmanabh (2000). Collected Papers on Jaina Studies. Delhi: Motilal
Banarsidass Publ. ISBN 978-81-208-1691-6. p.
351
87.
^ Roy,
Ashim Kumar (1984). A history of the Jainas. New Delhi: Gitanjali Pub.
House. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-8364-1136-2. OCLC 11604851.
88.
^ Helen,
Johnson (2009) [1931]. Muni Samvegayashvijay Maharaj
(ed.). Trisastiśalākāpurusacaritra of Hemacandra: The Jain Saga. Part II.
Baroda: Oriental Institute. ISBN 978-81-908157-0-3. refer
story of Neminatha
89.
^ Devdutt
Pattanaik (2 March 2017). "How
different are the Jain Ramayana and Jain Mahabharata from Hindu
narrations?". Devdutt. Retrieved 22 March 2017.
90.
^ "Introduction
to the Bhagavad Gita". Yoga.about.com. Retrieved 1
September 2010.
91.
^ Maharishi
Mahesh Yogi; On The Bhagavad Gita; A New Translation and Commentary With
Sanskrit Text Chapters 1 to 6, Preface p.9
92.
^ Stevenson,
Robert W., "Tilak and the Bhagavadgita's Doctrine of Karmayoga", in
Minor, p. 44.
93.
^ Jordens,
J. T. F., "Gandhi and the Bhagavadgita", in Minor, p. 88.
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